Fennel: The Gardener’s Guide to Growing a Tasty Aniseed Treat

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Welcome to our complete guide on growing the versatile and flavorful herb, fennel! Whether you’re a cooking enthusiast or a gardening enthusiast, this guide will provide you with all the essential information needed to cultivate and care for your very own fennel plants at home. Get ready to discover the secrets of this beloved plant, from its unique flavors and health benefits to the best techniques for planting, watering, and harvesting. Let’s get started!

Benefits of Growing Your Own Fennel

  • Fennel has a licorice-like flavor that adds a unique taste to dishes.
  • It is a good source of vitamin C, fiber, and potassium.
  • Fennel can aid in digestion and help alleviate symptoms of bloating and constipation.
  • It is a low-maintenance plant that can be grown in containers or raised beds.
  • Growing fennel at home ensures that it is fresh and free of pesticides and other chemicals.

General Information About Fennel

Plant Family: Apiaceae (also known as Umbelliferae)
Plant Latin Name: Foeniculum vulgare

Plant Variations Available

Fennel, also known as Foeniculum vulgare, is a flowering plant species belonging to the carrot family. This aromatic herb is widely cultivated in regions with a Mediterranean climate and is widely known for its licorice-like flavor and medicinal properties.

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There are three common variations of fennel:

1. Florence Fennel: Also known as Finocchio or sweet fennel, Florence fennel is a variety of fennel that is cultivated for its thick, crisp bulb. The bulb is commonly used in salads, soups, stews, and roasted dishes.

2. Bronze Fennel: This variety of fennel is grown for its ornamental value as well as its culinary uses. The plant has striking bronze-colored, feathery foliage that adds a splash of color to any garden or salad. The seeds and leaves of bronze fennel are used as a seasoning in various dishes.

3. Wild or Bitter Fennel: Also known as the common fennel, wild fennel grows along roadsides, fields, and meadows in many parts of the world. It has a more intense licorice flavor than the other two variations and is commonly used in the preparation of sausages, broths, and liquors.

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Fennel is known to be a rich source of antioxidants and essential vitamins and minerals like vitamin C, potassium, and calcium. These nutrients contribute to heart health, aid in digestion, and improve skin and bone health. Additionally, fennel has been used traditionally as a digestive aid, and in teas, as a natural sleep aid.

In summary, whether used for its culinary or medicinal purposes, fennel is a versatile herb that comes in different types, each with its own unique flavor and uses.

Germinating Fennel

Preferred Zones

Ah, fennel – such a delightful and versatile herb that adds a distinctive flavor to any dish. If you’re thinking of growing this fragrant and flavorful plant outdoors, you’re in luck! Fennel is quite tolerant to a range of growing conditions and can thrive in a variety of climate zones.

To grow fennel successfully, you want to select an area that receives full sun exposure, and is well-drained. Fennel does not like to have “wet feet”, so make sure there’s good drainage in the soil. The minimum soil temperature for germination is 60°F (15°C), so be mindful of the temperature of the soil when sowing the seeds.

When it comes to choosing a climate zone, fennel prefers moderate to cool temperatures for germination and growth. Ideally, fennel loves a Mediterranean climate with mild winters and hot, dry summers. However, it can also grow well in cooler zones, such as USDA zones 4-9, with a little extra care.

In hotter climates, fennel will need consistent moisture to prevent bolting, which happens when the plant is stressed out by the heat. In cooler climates, you’ll want to provide a bit more warmth and shelter from frost if you’re planning on growing fennel through the winter.

One more thing to note: plant fennel away from other plants in the carrot family (such as dill, coriander, and parsley) as they can cross-pollinate and produce bitter-tasting and misshapen seeds.

Overall, with a little attention to the growing conditions, fennel can thrive in a wide range of climate zones. Why not add this flavorful herb to your gardening plans? Happy growing!

Sowing Instructions

If you’ve decided to grow fennel, you’ve made an excellent choice! This beautiful plant is not only easy to grow, but it’s also incredibly versatile in the kitchen. However, before you can sit back and enjoy the fruits of your harvest, you need to know the proper method for sowing fennel. Here are the steps you should follow to ensure a healthy and successful crop:

1. Choose the right location – Fennel thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. Make sure to choose a spot in your garden that receives at least six hours of sun per day.

2. Prepare the soil – Fennel prefers soil that is rich in organic matter. Before you sow your seeds, make sure to add compost or other organic material to your soil.

3. Sow the seeds – Fennel seeds are quite small, so you don’t need to space them too far apart. Plant the seeds about 1/4 inch deep and 6-8 inches apart.

4. Water regularly – Fennel needs to be kept moist, so make sure to water your plants regularly. However, be careful not to overwater – fennel doesn’t like standing water.

5. Thin the seedlings – Once your seedlings have sprouted and started to grow, you’ll need to thin them out so that they have enough space to grow. Aim to have one fennel plant every 12-18 inches.

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6. Harvest your fennel – Fennel typically takes around 90 days to reach maturity. You’ll know it’s ready to harvest when the bulb is about the size of a tennis ball. Simply cut the bulb off at the base of the plant, and it’s ready to use in the kitchen!

Overall, fennel is an easy and rewarding plant to grow. By following these simple steps, you’ll have a beautiful and productive crop in no time!

Preparation Advice

Growing fennel in your home garden is a fantastic way to add unique flavors and nutrition to your meals. However, before getting started, it’s important to gather the appropriate equipment and learn the best methods for cultivating these beautiful plants successfully.

First off, you will need to obtain some high-quality fennel seeds. Be sure to choose organic seeds that are free of chemical treatments to ensure healthy, thriving plants. Similarly, you will need to have rich, well-draining soil, either in your garden plot or in pots, to give your fennel the best chance at flourishing.

When planting your seeds, be sure to sow them in a full sun area and water them regularly. Fennel needs moist soil, so be sure not to let it dry out completely. Experts recommend planting fennel in the spring, as it will be ready to harvest after about 80-100 days.

Pests and diseases can also pose a threat to your fennel crop, so it’s essential to prepare your garden with preventive measures. One effective method is to plant fennel alongside other repellent plants, such as chamomile, dill, and marigold, which will help keep insects at bay. Additionally, you can cover your fennel with row covers to keep it protected from pests and harsh weather.

Other useful equipment includes garden gloves and pruning shears. These tools will help you to remove any dead leaves, maintain a tidy garden, and harvest your mature fennel stalks without harming the rest of the plant.

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Finally, the most important thing you will need is patience, care, and attention. Growing fennel can be a rewarding experience, and with the right methods and equipment, your efforts will be sure to pay off in the form of delicious, fresh fennel to add to your meals.

Germination Tools and Equipment

If you’re looking to germinate some fresh and healthy Fennel, then you’ll need a few key tools and pieces of equipment to help you get started.

First on the list is a pack of high-quality Fennel seeds. You can get these from most garden centers or online seed retailers. Just be sure to check the expiration date and look for seeds that are plump, healthy-looking, and free from any mold or discoloration.

Next, you’ll need a seed tray or flat. These come in a variety of sizes and materials, but ideally, you want one with good drainage holes to prevent your seeds from becoming waterlogged. There are many options to choose from like the ones made up of fiber, and many others are easily available in the market.

You’ll also need a good potting mix, one that’s light, well-draining, and nutrient-rich. Avoid using heavy compost-based soils, as these can prevent your seeds from sprouting and lead to problems with damping-off.

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A good quality watering can or spray bottle is also essential for gently wetting the soil without disturbing your fragile Fennel seeds. Make sure to use lukewarm water to encourage germination and avoid any sudden temperature changes.

Finally, while not necessary, a small greenhouse or seed-starting cover can help create a warm and humid environment that’s perfect for germinating Fennel seeds. This can be especially helpful if you’re starting your seeds in the cooler months or live in a climate with a shorter growing season.

By using these tools and equipment in conjunction with good growing practices, you should be able to germinate healthy, strong Fennel plants in no time!

Growing Fennel


Light Requirements

Growing fennel is a fun and rewarding experience, but it requires attention to detail when it comes to lighting.

First off, fennel is a relatively easy-to-grow plant, but it does have some requirements when it comes to light. If you’re starting from seed, then you’ll want to give them plenty of light to jumpstart their growth.

When it comes to the lighting requirements for established fennel plants, they need at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight each day. This means that if you’re growing them indoors, you need to place them in a sunny location or supplement their light with artificial lighting.

If you don’t have access to direct sunlight, then you can use LED or fluorescent lighting to simulate the sun’s rays. However, be careful not to leave them under the lights for too long, as this can cause the plants to wilt and become stunted.

Another thing to keep in mind is that fennel plants can become leggy and weak if they don’t receive enough light. If you notice your plants are getting tall and weak, then increase the amount of light they’re receiving.

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In conclusion, healthy fennel plants need at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight each day or supplemental artificial lighting. Be sure to monitor your plants carefully, and adjust their lighting as needed to ensure they remain strong and healthy. Happy gardening!

Temperature Requirements

Fennel is a versatile and healthy vegetable that is easy to grow with a little bit of knowledge and care. One of the most important factors to consider when growing fennel is temperature.

Fennel thrives in cooler temperatures, ideally between 60 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit. It is a cool-season crop that grows best in early spring or fall. If the temperature gets too warm, the plant may bolt or go to seed earlier than expected, which can prevent the bulb from developing properly.

If you live in a warmer climate, you can still grow fennel, but you will need to take extra precautions to keep the temperature down. Providing ample shade and ensuring that the soil stays cool and moist can help prevent the plant from overheating. It is also important to keep an eye on the weather and harvest the fennel before prolonged hot spells occur.

On the other hand, if you live in a colder climate, you may need to start your fennel indoors or in a greenhouse to give it a head start. Fennel likes a consistent temperature, so try to avoid drastic fluctuations in temperature.

In summary, fennel requires cooler temperatures to grow healthy and produce a high-quality bulb. Keep this in mind when planning your planting schedule, and you’ll be rewarded with delicious, healthy fennel that you can enjoy fresh or cooked in your favorite dishes!

My Favorite Tools For Growing Fennel

Caring for and maintaining healthy fennel plants can be a breeze with the right tools and equipment. Fennel is a hardy plant that doesn’t require a lot of maintenance, but it does need attention to thrive. Here are some of the best tools and equipment to help you keep your fennel healthy and happy:

1. Garden gloves – Fennel can be tough and sharp, so you’ll want to protect your hands while handling it. A good pair of garden gloves will make it easier to prune and harvest your plants without getting poked or scratched.

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2. Pruning shears – Regular pruning is essential for fennel plants to encourage healthy growth and prevent disease. A pair of sharp pruning shears will make it easy to trim back old growth and shape your plants.

3. Watering can or hose – Fennel needs consistent moisture to grow well, especially when it’s young. A watering can or hose with a gentle spray nozzle will allow you to water your plants without disturbing the soil or damaging the leaves.

4. Fertilizer – While fennel doesn’t require a lot of fertilizer, a balanced all-purpose fertilizer can help to ensure healthy growth and a good harvest. Look for a fertilizer with a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and apply it according to the package instructions.

5. Mulch – Fennel benefits from a layer of mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Use a natural mulch like straw or leaves to keep the soil moist and cool, and to add nutrients as it breaks down.

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By using these tools and equipment, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of healthy, flavorful fennel all season long!

Preferred Soil Type

Fennel is a delicious and healthy herb that requires certain soil conditions to grow to its full potential. It’s important to note that fennel is a bit of a finicky plant, meaning it can be difficult to grow if the soil isn’t up to par. So here are a few things to keep in mind when it comes to soil requirements for growing healthy fennel.

First and foremost, fennel prefers well-draining soil with ample organic matter to promote healthy growth. The ideal soil pH for fennel ranges from 6.0 to 8.0, making it somewhat tolerant of a wide range of soil types. However, it’s essential to avoid planting fennel in soil with high levels of clay or sand, as both of these soil types usually have poor drainage and can negatively impact the growth of your fennel.

Additionally, fennel thrives in soil with a high level of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These nutrients are essential for the healthy formation of the plant’s roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. You can enhance the soil’s nutrient profile by incorporating organic fertilizers such as well-rotted manure, compost, or mulch. If you’re planting fennel in a container, consider using a high-quality potting mix with added nutrients to ensure your plant has everything it needs to grow healthily.

In conclusion, growing healthy fennel requires soil that is well-draining, rich in organic matter, and with a balanced nutrient profile. Remember to avoid soils with high levels of clay or sand, and incorporate organic fertilizers to enhance soil nutrient content. With the right soil conditions, you can grow delicious fennel that will add flavor and nutrition to your meals.

Watering Requirements

If you’re thinking of growing fennel, then it’s essential to know that this flavorful herb loves a regular drink of water. Fennel is a thirsty herb that requires moderately moist soil to thrive, and it needs at least an inch of water every week to grow healthy and produce high-quality fennel bulbs.

However, be mindful that the fennel plants should not sit in waterlogged soil for an extended period, so it’s crucial to ensure that the soil is well-draining. Also, note that watering is vital during the first five to six weeks of growth. At this point, you should water liberally – about three times a week – to help establish the plant’s roots.

Once the fennel reaches maturity, you can ease up on the watering. You should reduce the watering frequency to once a week, giving the soil a chance to dry out slightly between waterings. Overwatering mature fennel can cause the bulbs to rot, which is something you want to avoid at all costs.

In summary, keep in mind that water is essential for the healthy growth of fennel. Make sure to give the plants a regular drink of water, but don’t overdo it. It’s always better to err on the side of underwatering than overwatering when it comes to growing fennel. With the right watering regimen, you’ll be rewarded with a bountiful harvest of flavorful fennel bulbs that will add a unique touch to your favorite dishes.

What You Need To Know About Fertilizing Fennel

Fennel is an aromatic and flavorful herb that can be grown easily in your garden or in a pot. To grow healthy fennel, it is important to pay attention to its fertilizing needs.

Firstly, you must choose the right type of fertilizer. Fennel needs fertilizer that is high in nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous, such as a 10-10-10 or a 14-14-14 mix. You can find these fertilizers at your local garden store or online.

Secondly, you should consider the timing of fertilizing. Fennel plants prefer to be fertilized during their growing seasons, which are in spring and summer. This is when they need plenty of nutrients to produce big, healthy bulbs.

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Thirdly, you need to fertilize fennel in the right manner. You can either sprinkle the fertilizer around the base of the plant or mix it with water and apply it as a liquid. Always follow the instructions on the package for the correct dosage, as too little or too much fertilizer can harm your plants.

Lastly, the frequency of fertilizing depends on the growth rate of your fennel. If your fennel is growing well, it needs to be fertilized every four to six weeks. However, if it is not growing as quickly, you may need to fertilize it more often, every two to three weeks.

Remember, to grow healthy fennel it is important to provide it with the right type of fertilizer, at the right time, in the right amount. Regular watering and proper weeding also contribute significantly to healthy growth in your fennel. Good luck and happy gardening!

My Favorite Fertilizers For Fennel

When it comes to growing fennel, choosing the right fertilizer can make all the difference in promoting healthy growth and a bountiful harvest. Here are some of the best fertilizers to consider:

1. Organic compost: Compost is an excellent choice for fertilizing fennel since it provides a wealth of nutrients and beneficial microorganisms that enrich the soil. You can make your own compost or purchase it from a garden center.

2. Fish emulsion: This type of fertilizer is derived from fish waste and is a good source of nitrogen, an essential nutrient for fennel. Fish emulsion is also rich in trace minerals and can help promote vigorous growth and a strong root system.

3. Liquid seaweed: Seaweed contains a wide variety of trace minerals that fennel needs to thrive. Liquid seaweed fertilizer is easy to apply and can help increase plant resilience to stress and disease.

4. Bone meal: Bone meal is a slow-release fertilizer that provides phosphorus and calcium, two important nutrients for fennel growth. It is especially beneficial for establishing healthy root systems.

5. Composted manure: Manure compost can provide a rich source of nutrients for fennel, promoting healthier and more robust growth.

Remember to always follow the instructions on fertilizer packaging and to apply it sparingly to avoid over-fertilizing, which can harm plants. With the right fertilization approach, you can enjoy healthy and delicious fennel plants.

Harvesting Fennel

Time To Maturity

Fennel is a flavorful and aromatic herb that is widely used in many culinary dishes. As a plant, fennel is also prized for its beauty and its beneficial properties as a natural remedy for various ailments. If you are interested in growing fennel at home, it is important to understand the timeline of its growth, so that you can plan and care for it more effectively.

When it comes to growing fennel, the timeline from sprouting to maturity can vary depending on various factors such as the climate, soil quality, and the growing conditions. On average, however, fennel seeds usually take around 7 to 10 days to sprout and emerge from the soil. Once the seeds have sprouted, it can take around 45 to 90 days for the plant to reach maturity.

During the first few weeks after sprouting, fennel will develop its roots and leaves, and it will continue to grow taller and stronger as it matures. Fennel typically grows to a height of 3 to 5 feet and produces feathery, fern-like foliage that is an attractive addition to any garden. As the plant matures, it will start to produce bulbs – the part of the fennel that is commonly used in cooking.

It is worth noting that fennel is a hardy herb that can tolerate various weather conditions, but it does require consistent watering and good soil drainage to thrive. If you are growing fennel in a container, make sure to use well-draining soil and water the plant regularly to avoid the soil drying out. If you are growing fennel outdoors, choose a sunny spot with good soil drainage and water the plant at least once a week.

In conclusion, fennel is a versatile herb that is easy to grow and maintain. With the right growing conditions, you can expect your fennel plant to reach maturity within 45 to 90 days after sprouting. Enjoy its beautiful foliage and its delicious, anise-flavored bulbs in your favorite dishes!

Harvest Instructions

Harvesting Fennel: A Step-by-Step Guide

If you’re looking to harvest fennel, you’re in luck! This tasty and aromatic herb is easy to grow and even easier to harvest. With the right timing and a little bit of know-how, you can enjoy that fresh, licorice-like flavor in your cooking all year round.

Step 1: Know when to harvest
The first step in harvesting fennel is knowing when it’s ready. Fennel typically takes around 90-100 days to mature, so you’ll want to keep an eye on it as it grows. When the fennel bulb reaches a size of about 3-5 inches in diameter, it’s ready to be harvested. Don’t wait too long, though, or it will become tough and stringy.

Step 2: Cut the stalks
To harvest fennel bulbs, start by cutting off the stalks at the base of the plant. You can either use a sharp knife or simply snap them off with your hands. If you’re growing fennel for its fronds or seeds, you can also cut these off at this time.

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Step 3: Remove the bulb
Once the stalks are removed, use your shovel or garden fork to dig around the base of the fennel bulb. Be careful not to damage the bulb itself. Once you’ve loosened the soil around it, gently pull the bulb up and out of the ground.

Step 4: Clean and store
After you’ve harvested your fennel bulbs, it’s important to clean them thoroughly. Rinse off any dirt, then trim off any damaged or discolored parts. You can store fennel bulbs in the refrigerator for up to a week, or you can freeze them for later use.

Step 5: Enjoy!
With your fresh fennel bulbs, you can create all sorts of delicious dishes. Try roasting them with olive oil and sea salt, tossing them in a salad, or adding them to soups and stews for a touch of sweetness and flavor.

Harvesting fennel is easy and rewarding, and with a little bit of effort, you can enjoy the fresh, crisp taste of this versatile herb in your cooking all year round. So get out there and start harvesting!

My Favorite Tools For Harvest Time

If you’re planning to harvest fennel, then there are a few essential tools and pieces of equipment that you’ll need to make the process easier and more efficient.

Firstly, you’ll need a sharp pair of pruning shears. These will allow you to cut through the fennel stalks and leaves quickly and cleanly, without damaging the plant or leaving ragged edges that could attract pests or diseases. Look for shears with a comfortable grip and a strong, durable blade that won’t bend or break under pressure.

Next, you’ll want a sturdy harvesting knife. This should have a long, curved blade that you can use to slice through the fennel bulb and remove it from the ground with minimal effort. Make sure the knife is sharp enough to cut cleanly through the tough, fibrous skin of the fennel without making a mess.

If you’re harvesting fennel on a larger scale or need to transport it some distance, then you might also want to invest in a wheelbarrow or cart. This will make it much easier to move multiple plants at once, without having to carry them by hand or risk damaging them by dragging them along the ground.

Finally, it’s essential to wear protective gloves and clothing while harvesting fennel. The plant is known to produce a sap that can irritate the skin and cause rashes or blisters. So, make sure you wear gloves that cover your hands and arms, as well as long pants and a long-sleeved shirt to protect your skin from contact with the plant.

With these essential tools and equipment in hand, you’ll be well prepared to tackle your fennel harvest with ease and confidence. So, get out there and start harvesting those delicious, nutritious bulbs!

End of Season & Overwintering


Congratulations on growing fennel! This flavorful and aromatic perennial herb is perfect for enhancing the taste of various dishes such as salads, soups, and stews. Now that the growing season is coming to an end, it’s crucial to take proper care of your fennel plant to ensure it successfully overwinters for next year’s harvest.

Firstly, you need to remove any dead or yellowing leaves from the plant, and then trim back the fennel’s foliage to about 6 inches from the soil level. This will help prevent excessive moisture loss, which is a common problem during winter months.

Next, be sure to cover the plant with a layer of mulch, such as shredded leaves or straw, which will help regulate soil temperature and moisture content. This will also protect the roots and stem from freezing, which is a common risk when the temperature drops below freezing.

Remember to give your fennel plant a good soak before the first hard freeze to ensure it has enough water to sustain it throughout the winter. Finally, it’s recommended to add a layer of compost around the fennel plant for added nutrition.

With proper care, your fennel plant should overwinter nicely and bloom in late spring, providing you with a fresh source of fennel leaves, seeds or bulbs. Good luck!

Final Thoughts on Fennel


Congratulations on successfully completing the complete guide to germinating, growing, and harvesting fennel! You are now on your way to enjoying the many benefits that this delicious and nutritious herb has to offer.

Throughout this guide, we have discussed the various stages of fennel growth, from germination to harvest. You have learned about the ideal growing conditions, tips for nurturing healthy seedlings, and how to transplant your fennel into the garden. You have also discovered the importance of proper watering, fertilization, and pruning to achieve the best possible crop.

As you continue to care for your fennel, remember that patience and persistence are key. It may take several weeks or even months before you can harvest your fennel, but the wait will be well worth it. Fennel is a versatile herb that can be used in a variety of dishes, from salads and soups to roasts and stews. It is also known for its numerous health benefits, including aiding digestion and reducing inflammation.

In conclusion, growing fennel is a rewarding and enjoyable experience that requires attention, care, and dedication. With the help of this guide, you are now equipped with the knowledge and skills to successfully germinate, grow, and harvest fennel like a pro. Best of luck on your fennel-growing journey!

Frequently Asked Questions About Growing Fennel


Q1: What kind of soil and light does fennel need to grow?
A1: Fennel prefers well-draining soil with a pH level of 6.0 to 7.0 and plenty of sun. It can tolerate light shade but won’t grow as well.

Q2: Is it difficult to grow fennel?
A2: Fennel is easy to grow and doesn’t require much attention. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged and make sure to space the plants about 12 inches apart.

Q3: When is the best time to harvest fennel?
A3: Fennel bulbs are ready to be harvested when they are about the size of a tennis ball, usually around 90 days after planting. Cut the bulbs off at the soil level with a sharp knife. The fronds can be harvested throughout the growing season for use in salads or as a garnish.

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More Herbs? Yes, Please!

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